The Tansey Miniatures Foundation

The Tansey Miniatures Foundation

Gentleman in a Black Coat and a Yellow Waistcoat

Jean-Baptiste Villis

This work in the Tansey Collection is one of the extremely rare signed miniatures by the miniaturist Villis.1 He is not mentioned in any encyclopaedia of artists, and his first name and family were not known until October 2025.2 He was probably active in Basel and Bern around 1800, as several of his miniatures are housed in the historical museums of these cities. During the Napoleonic Empire, he worked in Belfort and Vesoul.3 Several of his miniatures are kept in the historical museums in these cities.4 The original rendering of the eyes, mouth, and hair, and the green tones in the shadows of the flesh parts and the background support the attribution to Villis. The sitter’s expression suggests that in Basel the artist kept the company of the miniaturist Jean-Baptiste Soyer, who was working there at around 1800; he may even have been Soyer’s student for a time.
The elegantly dressed young man is wearing a golden earring and an unusual pin on his white shirt showing a golden key. He probably did not really wear this piece of jewellery but chose it as a symbol in his portrait. The key presumably expressed the gentleman’s feelings for the recipient of the miniature; it represented permission to open the heart of a loved one.5
B. P.

1 Another portrait signed by Villis shows a lady with her son. It was sold at Koller, Zurich, on 17 September 2007, no. 8250.
2 Henry-Noel Canival, Paris, succeeded in identifying this artist (October 2025). We would like to express our sincere thanks to him for his research.
3 We would like to express our sincere thanks to Benoît Lorenzini for his documentation on Villis' work in Belfort and Vesoul.
4 Basel Historical Museum: Heinrich Miville (inv. no. 1941.1971), Anna Elisabeth Flick-Paravicini (inv. no. 1939.1147), Maria Magdalena Flick-Paravicini (inv. no. 1939.1148), lady with hairbands (inv. no. 1948.94); Bernisches Historisches Museum: Friedrich May von Brestenberg (inv. no. 7698); portrait documentation in the Burgerbibliothek, Berne: gentleman, probably Abraham Friedrich Benoit (no. 108); lady, probably Juliana Dorothea May (nos. 5361 and 3956), lady with a black veil (no. 9166), Julie Katharina Wild (no. 7598). Officer of a Regiment chasseurs à cheval, c. 1809 – 1812 (Musée historique lorrain, Nancy). Further works appeared on the art market (all unsigned): Portrait of a Gentleman (Tajan Paris, 24 October 2014, no. 101); Officer of the 21st Dragoon Regiment (Bertrand Malvaux, Paris); Officer of the 7th Light Infantry Regiment (Boris Wilnitsky Fine Arts, Vienna); Officer of the Chevau-leger-lancier (Artcurial Paris, 18 December 2020, no. 159); Battalion commander of the 63rd Line Infantry Regiment, c. 1812–1815, inscribed on reverse: «peint à Belfort» (private collection); Officer of the 25th Regiment chasseurs à cheval, c. 1811–1813 (private collection); Jean-Baptiste Meny (1774-1821), Major of the 20st Dragoon Regiment, c. 1813–1814 (private collection); Adjudant-major of the Garde Nationale, c. 1813-1814 (Thierry Maigret, Paris, 18 April 2013, no. 68); Officer of the 6th Hussar Regiment, c. 1811-1813 (collection François Vinot Préfontaine); Officer of the 6th Hussar Regiment, c. 1811-1813 (private collection); Lady with Bonnet (Henry's Auction House, Mutterstadt, 24 April 2021, no. 6004); Lady in White Dress (Schuler Auctions, Zurich, 19 September 2018, no. 208); Lady in White Dress in Front of Landscape (Boris Wilnitsky Fine Arts, Vienna, as by Soyer); Set of three miniatures: an artillery officer and two women (Galerie Léon Wilnitsky, Alte Kunst, Vienna); Mother and her Three Children (on two miniatures set on a snuffbox) one of which is dressed in the uniform of the 6th Hussars (Thierry Maigret, Paris, October 17, 2025, No. 177); Mother and her Three Children (Piguet, Geneva, 18 March 2026, no. 1899).
5 Small golden keys and locks with the same symbolism occasionally also decorate the frames of miniature portraits. Cf. a double-sided medallion by Charles Guillaume Alexandre Bourgeois bearing the portraits of the Artaud children, 1800/1801 (Musée du Louvre, Paris, inv. no. RF3696).